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SARS-CoV-2 infected cases diagnosis is based on the count of realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The widely used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) method has some limitations for clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, there are only few reports on the detection of the viral load in the stool and urine samples. While information about other modes of transmission is relatively less, some published literature supporting the possibility of a faecal-oral mode of transmission has been accumulating. Objective(s): The current study's objective was to assess the performance of real-time RT-qPCR assay and a droplet digital RT-PCR (dd RT-PCR) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in stool and urine specimens. Methodology: One hundred and seven paired samples from 107 COVID-19-confirmed patients were analysed by dd RT-PCR and RTPCR based target gene (N1 and N2). Stool and urine were collected from COVID Care Centers of Pune Region. RNA was isolated using MagMax magnetic beads base procedure for further analysis. Real Time RT-PCR and DD PCR was performed from all the patients. Result(s): In 107 patients, all the stool samples showed 100% positive concordance by both methods, the average of 28.88 cycle threshold (Ct) of RT-PCR was highly correlated with the average copy number of 327.10 copies/mul analyzed in ddPCR. Whereas 27.1% urine samples were tested positive in ddPCR & 1.86% were positive with the average of 36.41 cycle threshold (Ct) in RT-PCR. Using Pangolin COVID-19 Lineage Assigner variants were analyzed and found to be delta prevalent. Conclusion(s): In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental surveillance for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 has become increasingly important. The findings of this study not only show that SARS-CoV-2 is present in urine and faeces, but they also raise the possibility that low concentrations of the viral target may make it easier to identify positive samples and help resolve situations of inconclusive diagnosis.
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Background: Health-care providers, particularly pediatric dentists, highly depend on electronic media. This survey attempts to assess how they have taken to e-media to keep themselves abreast of the current situation and use it efficiently. Objectives: To determine attitudes, awareness, and practices of e-media usage among pediatric dental professionals and postgraduate students in pediatric dentistry during the COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 958 pediatric dental practitioners and postgraduate students in pediatric dentistry from throughout India participated in a descriptive cross-sectional survey. An investigator-designed questionnaire comprising 23 close-ended questions related to the usage and various aspects of e-media before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Younger generations of pediatric dentistry are more active in the use of e-media. Dentists between the ages of 30 and 50 years are more likely to utilize social media in their profession than dentists above the age of 50 years. For academic purposes and patient communication, e-media was the most popular choice. Conclusion: The Indian pediatric dentistry profession has grown significantly with the use of e-media. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Scalable alternate end-game strategies for the synthesis of the anti-COVID drug molecule Nirmatrelvir (1, PF-07321332) have been described. The first involves a direct synthesis of 1 via amidation of the carboxylic acid 7 (suitably activated as a mixed anhydride with either pivaloyl chloride or T3P) with the amino-nitrile 10·HCl. T3P was found to be a more practical choice since the reagent promoted efficient and concomitant dehydration of the amide impurity 9 (derived from the amino-amide contaminant 8·HCl invariably present in 10·HCl) to 1. This observation allowed for the development of the second strategy, namely a continuous flow synthesis of 1 from 9 mediated by T3P. Under optimized conditions, this conversion could be achieved within 30 min in flow as opposed to 12–16 h in a traditional batch process. The final API had quality attributes comparable to those obtained in conventional flask processes.
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Introduction: The pandemic of COVID-19 has spread a wave of insecurity, fear and anxiety because of unknown facts about the pathogen. To have a better understanding about this infection, a systematic study is required by the principles of epidemiology with detailed investigations and researches from different angles. Hence, we are undertaking the study of seroprevalence of IgG antibody to get the idea about herd immunity in pregnant patients coming for delivery and their newborns. Objective(s): To find out the correlation between subclinical attack / mild attack of COVID 19 in the antenatal period. Method(s): This Cross-sectional study was conducted after getting cleared from Board of Studies and Ethical committee. The study population was calculated to be of 500 serum samples of both mother and newborns each. Result(s): The maternal age was 20-25 years among 230 (36.0%), 26-30 years among 164 (32.8%), 31-35 years among 88 (17.6%) and > 35 years among 18 (3.6%) patients. The maternal gestational age was <37 weeks 0 days at the time of delivery in 82 (16.4%) and that of >= 37 weeks was 418 (83.6%) patients. The exposure of COVID 19 virus and/or even the asymptomatic carriers, led to a data showing 18% (90 patients) of the study population being affected in 2nd trimester, 48.6% (243 patients) in 3rd trimester and 33.4% (167 patients) not affected at all in the pregnancy. IgG in mother at delivery was present among 21.4 % mothers. IgG in cord blood was present among 12.0% newborns. Conclusion(s): Although even at the time of diagnosis, asymptomatic pregnant women are able to reliably build a powerful IgG for receptor binding domain with neutralising response to COVID 19, as our results reveal. In addition, our findings indicate that this reaction was long-lasting, which lends credence to the notion that immunisation in this population will be successful. And after extensive research studies, pregnant females were allowed to be vaccinated against COVID 19. Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
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Background: Worldwide During the COVID-19 pandemic, several health implications affecting the psychological health were reported among vulnerable populations. These findings need to be investigated further among high-risk neonates and their mothers. Materials and the Methods: After obtaining ethical clearance from the Ethical committee at the Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed to Be University in Karad and obtaining informed consent from the participants, a descriptive study was carried out using the convenient sampling method to select fifty mothers whose neonates were being cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. This study was carried out with the intention of gathering information about the participants. Structured questionnaire and Stress scale- A 21-item DASS questionnaire that was given to moms of newborns admitted to the NICU in order to examine demographic variables as well as the level of stress they were experiencing. Result(s): The findings showed that 50% of the newborn babies are in serious condition, 42% are in an improving condition, and 8% of the newborn babies are in good condition. During the time that their babies were being treated in the NICU, a total of 94% of moms had extremely severe levels of stress, and 6% of mothers experienced severe levels of stress. Conclusion(s): The findings of the study led the researchers to the conclusion that the majority of the mothers experienced moderate to severe stress as a result of the admission of their newborns to the NICU during the influenza pandemic. It was necessary to create an Information Booklet in order to lower the degree of stress that moms experience. Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Food safety and food hygiene are important as they ensure that the food you handle and produce is safe for consumption. If food safety and hygiene are not maintained, consumers could become seriously ill with food poisoning and food born illnesses. So food hygiene & food safety are important for protecting the consumer health. Material(s) and Method(s): Evaluative approach. Study was conducted in 50 food handlers in Karad city. Using one group pretest post-test design. Non-probability Purposive sampling technique was used. Sample size was 50 food handlers. On 1st day pre test included knowledge of food safety and food hygiene practices through structured questionnaires, effective information booklet was administered followed by post test on 7th day. The data was collected, tabulated and analyzed in terms of using the objective of study was to assess the food safety knowledge and food hygiene practice among food handlers in Karad. Result(s): In demographic variables found that in gender 50% were female and 50% were male 30-39 yrs of age were maximum samples were tertiary education level 58% , 52% having 1 -5 yr experience 66% were vaccinated and 54.2% food handlers were possessed training certification. The food handlers knowledge related to food safety hygiene in that maximum responses temperature control knowledge was 84%, fresh vegetables 90%, preparation of food 86%, rinsed container & equipment 80% & hand washing steps 84%. So it was increased in post test. The mean posttest knowledge score (31.08+3.02) was higher than the mean pretest knowledge score (16.50+4.40).This indicates the effectiveness of information booklet in increasing the level of knowledge of adolescent girls regarding reproductive health. So study concluded that information booklet was effective method to improve the food safety knowledge & food hygiene practices among the food handlers. Conclusion(s): Administration of information booklet on food safety & food hygiene practices was effective method for improving the knowledge on food safety & food hygiene practices among the food handlers. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Stress is a component of students' lives, and it can impair their ability to manage the academic rigours of college life. Their regular labour presents numerous obstacles, resulting in tension. Several studies indicate that there is an immediate need to analyse the influence of the present pandemic scenario on the mental health and well-being of students, which justifies conducting such research in multiple Indian states, including Maharashtra. Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of depression among patients with chronic renal disease and the relationship between depression prevalence and chosen sociodemographic characteristics. 300 nursing students were enrolled in the current study. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study design. In this investigation, a convenient sampling strategy was adopted. The research was conducted at the Karad Krishna Institute of Nursing Sciences. Utilizing the perceived stress scale, the depression was evaluated. Using descriptive and inferential statistics, the acquired data were evaluated and analysed.56.66% of the students in the present study had moderate stress, 26.33 % had high stress, and only 17% of the participants had a low stress level. The data indicate that nursing students had a moderate amount of stress due to the covid scenario. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the infectious agent that causes the corona virus illness (COVID-19). This virus can cause mild to moderate respiratory sickness in infected individuals, but they can recover without the need for special medical care. Little was known about the level of COVID-19 knowledge among inhabitants in such a dire scenario. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the general population's degree of knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 in Karad Taluka. METHOD(S): For this study, 300 residents of Kale Village who are part of the community were enrolled. The design of the study was cross-sectional. For this investigation, a practical sampling strategy was employed. Participants' knowledge and attitude were evaluated using a structured knowledge questionnaire. In the two months from December 2021 to January 2022, data collecting was finished. RESULT(S): The majority of participants, 180 (60%) had average knowledge of Covid 19, 100 (33.33%) had bad knowledge, and only 20 (6.66%) of the individuals had strong understanding of Covid 19. People have a favourable view toward covid 19. CONCLUSION(S): The data show that people have a positive attitude and have an average level of knowledge of COVID 19. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Attitude towards environmental protection is a crucial component in environmental safeguard psychology. It is a psychological tendency expressed by evaluating the environmental gender attitude with favour or disfavour. This study aimed to compare the attitude level of male and female trainees towards environmental protection based on personal, psychological and sociocultural variables by using an ex post facto research design. The research population was composed of the trainees (N=177) who participated in the online training programmes organized from April 07 to May 31, 2020, by the Centre for Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology (CAAST) for Climate Smart Agriculture and Water Management (CSAWM), MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra, during COVID-19 lockdown period. In this study, an online survey method was used. The research instrument was a well-designed and structured online questionnaire using a Google Form consisting of two sections. The first section consisted of 11 independent variables of personal, psychological and sociocultural characteristics. The second section consisted of 17 environmental attitude questions focusing on closed structure questions with a five-point Likert scale, i.e. Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. The results revealed that age, training received, membership of environmental societies or organizations, courses taught, waste management and social media use significantly affect the trainees' attitudes to environment protection. The female respondents had a favourable environmental attitude when compared with the male respondents. Therefore, the study concluded that a set of factors influences the gender attitude of the online trainees. These factors alone cannot change trainees' attitudes towards environmental protection. Accordingly, necessary and appropriate conditions should be provided to change the attitude of male trainees for environmental protection. Sustained support is necessary to efficiently understand the role of gender in environment protection through government policies, social media, policymakers, scientists, extension workers, research organizations, various training programmes, participation of students and faculty in the environmental cleanliness drive and awareness programs, etc.